Hypertension, or prolonged and persistent elevation in blood pressure, is one of the most important risk factors for mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular disease. An estimated one billion people are affected by hypertension worldwide and the condition accounts for more than half of the 17 million deaths caused by cardiovascular disease each year. Approximately 5% of hypertensive patients have an underlying cause (for example, kidney disease) for their disease, but the vast majority are diagnosed with 'essential hypertension' with unknown aetiology. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a subtype of hypertensive disease in the arteries connecting the right side of the heart to the lungs. It can be associated with other conditions, including connective tissue disease, and it has been the focus of efforts to develop PAH-specific interventions.

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