The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics (the Lab for short hereinafter) was established mainly based on the Key Laboratories of Human Genome Research, Shanghai Municipality and Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Diseases-Related Genomics, Ministry of Education, and has formed an elite partnership with Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, and Molecular Medicine Center of Rui-Jin Hospital. The Lab was formally approved to be established by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) in November 2011 and passed the evaluation by the MOST in August 2003. In 2016, it was once again recognized as “Outstanding State Key Lab” at the evaluation by the MOST, which was the fourth time the Lab achieved this honor after the previous three consecutively in 2001, 2006 and 2011. The Lab is always at the forefront of biomedical sciences and directs its efforts toward fulfilling the country’s major needs in health. New generation multi-level omics platforms including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etce, have been established. In the meanwhile, research systems for epigenetics, cancer stem cells, model organisms, structural biology, bioinformatics, etc, have been developed, with a shared purpose of gaining insights into the interactions between the human body and the complex environment in disease occurrence and development.The Lab has taken full advantage of location within a hospital, China’s superior population resources, and an accumulation of knowledge in both Chinese and western medicine, and established an epidemiological research cohort and biobanks for leukemia, solid tumors, and important chronic noncommunicable diseases (hereinafter referred to as chronic diseases) as well as integrated the big data resources for patient and cohort studies. The Lab strived to panoramically illustrate the systematic pathogenesis, core signaling pathways and key regulatory checkpoints of complex polygenetic diseases such as leukemia as well as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.Taking advantage of the establishment of the National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), the Lab also tries toform an efficient channel for two-way translation between clinical and experimental research, which will focus on effectively translating the findings from systematic research on the pathogenesis of the diseases into new products for disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Meanwhile, the lab will introduce innovations into the research-oriented medical service system and advancements to the scientific management, consolidating the foundation of translational research in the development of related industries. It will alsoaim to promoting the theoretical and practical innovation of precision medicine, as well as individualized disease classification and combination targeted precision therapy based on the specific information on genetics, environment and lifestyle, which may significantly enhance the capacity for treatment and prevention of tumors and other significant chronic diseases, and enable the health services to be continually adaptable in order to better meet the diverse needs for the public health services.